Video: Mars Science Laboratory (NASA's Ultimate Rover)
It’s mission is to determine whether or not life can exist exist upon the Martian surface. Unlike its previous “brothers,” this rover is equipped with a vast array of scientific tools, not to mention a very powerful laser.
(Video: An animation demonstrating how the new rover will enter, descend and land upon the Martian surface. Credit: JPL / NASA)
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Japan's Lunar Satellite To Launch In September
After a brief delay, it looks as if the samurai nation’s lunar satellite will finally take its place among the heavens next month.
Scheduled for launch on September 13th, the SELENE orbiter could enlighten our species by providing detailed images of the lunar surface.
(International Herald Tribune) The SELENE project is the largest lunar mission since the U.S. Apollo program in terms of overall scope and ambition, outpacing the former Soviet Union’s Luna program and NASA’s Clementine and Lunar Prospector projects, Oshima said.
It involves placing the main satellite in orbit at an altitude of about 100 kilometers (60 miles) and deploying the two smaller satellites in polar orbits.
Mapping the moon would give the Japanese an edge over their American, European and Chinese neighbors by allowing them to locate the best landing sites, especially those suspected of harboring helium 3.
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England To Seek Out Life On Mars Via Rover
(Image Credit: ESA via Skymania News)
It looks as if the British are about to invade the red planet but unleashing a smart rover to roam across the surface of Mars.
(Skymania News) A UK-built robot is set dramatically to speed up the search for life on Mars, European space scientists were being told today. The roving explorer, nicknamed Bridget, will be intelligent enough to decide for itself which martian rocks are best to investigate.
It will work three times faster than previous robots such as Nasa’s rovers Spirit and Opportunity which are currently weathering the tail end of a huge dust storm on Mars.
Despite the fact that this rovers purpose is to locate microbes upon the crimson worlds surface, hopefully it will be able to analyze whether or not the Martian soil is actually hostile or fertile for future Earth life.
Hopefully this rover mission will inspire England to consider sending humans to the final frontier, lest they end up in receiving the “cosmic scraps” of what the universe has to offer them.
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Video: Phoenix To See If Martian Soil Is Fertile
(Video: NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander will visit the north polar region of Mars in search of “habitable soil.” Credit: NASA)
Of all the rovers that have or will grace the surface of Mars, Phoenix may prove to be the most important.
While the purpose of the other three rovers is to satisfy geologists by observing Martian rocks, the Phoenix rover’s main duty is to find out whether Martian soil is fertile for life–and perhaps agriculture itself.
(NASA) “Our ‘follow the water’ strategy for exploring Mars has yielded a string of dramatic discoveries in recent years about the history of water on a planet where similarities with Earth were much greater in the past than they are today,” said Doug McCuistion, director of the Mars Exploration Program at NASA Headquarters, Washington. “Phoenix will complement our strategic exploration of Mars by being our first attempt to actually touch and analyze Martian water — water in the form of buried ice.” [...]
“In addition, our instruments can assess whether this polar environment is a habitable zone for primitive microbes. To complete the scientific characterization of the site, Phoenix will monitor polar weather and the interaction of the atmosphere with the surface.”
While the overall purpose of Phoenix is to see if any life can survive in the barren soil, the space craft could ultimately inform us whether or not Martian soil is toxic towards life.
If proven to be safe for humans as well as plants, NASA could begin to draw out plans of harvesting crop on the red planet for future generations. Although humans may have to (create their own fertilizer (as importing it would be very expensive), growing our own food on the crimson planet could enable us to establish Mars as a second home for humanity.
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Another Martian Rover On The Way?
(Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/LANL/J.-L. Lacour, CEA)
It looks as if NASA is scheduled to send yet another rover to explore the Martian surface. But unlike its previous cousins, Spirit and Opportunity this robot will be armed with a fairly powerful “weapon.”
(Space Spin) When the JPL-NASA Mars Science Laboratory rover launches in 2009, it will carry this combination laser-telescope unit and enable the gadget-packed rover to know a great deal about rocks in its general vicinity. The ChemCam package includes a mast unit, projecting above the rover with a laser and telescope, and a body unit, the brains of the beast, with three spectrographs and the instrument controls. [...]
The ChemCam laser emits very short pulses of 7 nanoseconds, through a small telescope that focuses the beam to a spot where the power density exceeds 10 megawatts per square millimeter, producing a plasma of vaporized material from the target rock. The unit operates on targets at distances between 4 and 30 feet. The unit also contains a camera to take extreme close-up pictures of the targets to show geologic context for each sample. The telescope and electronics were built by CESR, a research institute in Toulouse, France. The mast unit was funded by CNES, the French Space Agency. The full ChemCam flight model will be delivered to JPL in Spring of 2008.
Although the rover’s main job will be simply analyzing the geologic activity of Martian rocks, hopefully it can inform scientists whether or not Mars holds any valuable resources upon its rusty soil.
Thus far, Mars is a barren world waiting to be conquered, but until any valuable resources can be located upon the red planet, then humanity may not be able to justify sending people there–at least financially.
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Space, It's Not For Cowards
(Image: From Aliens the movie, Credit: MovieVillians.com)
When one often thinks of space, images of lunar and Martian colonies come to mind, often with people (and children) floating around in micro gravity, glimpsing the heavens in a new light that would make even Galileo envious.
But when it comes to realities of living in the cosmos, we must realize that space, like any frontier, has its blessings as well as its dangers.
(NJ.com) “Solar soil is extremely complex. There is nothing like it on Earth,” said Logan, citing suspicious “hay fever” reactions by two Apollo astronauts.
Moonwalking astronauts, meanwhile, would face especially high radiation risks if solar flares erupted — underscoring an urgent need for accurate forecasts of “space weather,” Logan said. [...]
The biggest threat may be the moon’s gravity, one-sixth that of Earth. Despite nearly a half-century of human space travel, Logan said, nobody really knows how much gravity is needed to maintain health over time. Bone density decreases with weightlessness and does not always fully rebound when astronauts return home, he said. The heart gets lazy, too. Low gravity is likely to affect neural development of babies conceived on the moon, he added.
While most of humanity may settle for visiting the heavens above us, very few (perhaps ten million at most) would be willing to forsake their home world in order to colonize others.
It is inevitable that in our quest to inhabit other moons, planets and asteroids that casualties will occur along the way, with people suffering unimaginable pains from simply living in dangerous environments.
Space is not for cowards, and was never meant to be and if one ever desires to conquer the final frontier, they will have to choose to make it their final destination.
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Carnival Of The Space Geeks (The Gathering)
Editor’s note: Whether they post a few paragraphs or a few pages these space geeks are bound to make you laugh or cry (depends on you view of NASA with the latter).
There were several amazing posts (amazing was the theme of the carnival) ranging from Clark Lindsey new way to fund space tourism to Louie Riofrio’s take on Benson’s Dreamchaser space craft to Ed’s sharp rebuke towards NASA and space whiners.
But the best post thus far has to go to Dave Rankin of Tales of the Heliosphere who discussed every one’s favorite subject–unless you work for NASA of course.
(Tales of the Heliosphere) In any event, the truly uncomfortable reality of sex in space is not about relationships, morale, techniques, alternative sexual lifestyles, and the whole gamut of things that first come to mind when sex in space is discussed. The truly uncomfortable reality of sex in space is that the biological purpose of sex is reproduction and artificial birth control sometimes fails. What do we do if an astronaut becomes pregnant? [...]
We can’t be certain how weightlessness or even reduced gravity would affect a developing human in the womb or an infant, and we don’t know what should be done to protect its health in space. A pregnancy on a long, three-year mission to Mars, for example, would certainly help us learn. But that knowledge would come at the cost of unplanned experimentation on a human being that never consented and couldn’t.
A pregnancy in space would probably be a nightmare for any space agency, not to mention NASA. After all, a deformed child born in microgravity could be more than enough to convince the public that space is too dangerous for humans, ensuring domination by our robotic slaves friends.
It would probably be wiser to raise a kid on the Moon or Mars, than try experimenting with microgravity where a child brought into the world of stars may have to spend the rest of their days living among them.
Note: Do not forget to check out the other various articles about space on Henry’s Carnival of Space.
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Carnival Of The Space Geeks (Extra Helpings)
Editor’s note: The fourth Carnival of the Space Geeks is up, and this time there were a lot more interesting posts from a lot more interesting minds.
Interesting highlights include Brian Dunbar’s brief analysis of solar powered satellites, Amanda Bauer creepy post about robot beetles, and Deborah Byrd commenting on scientists searching for life in Spock’s region of space.
But the best post (in my opinion) goes to James of Surfin’ English who discusses one of the largest hurdles towards becoming a space faring citizen: micro-gravity.
Our bones get brittle, blood moves up in the body because gravity stops pulling it downwards, and our hearts suffer because they don’t have to work as hard in space to move blood. When we get home, our bodies are wrecks.
We also suffer from spacesickness ( like seasickness but worse), dizziness, and overly active farting. Seriously, going into space may look like fun, but it’s like drunkenly stumbling onto the last train after running a double marathon and discovering that every passenger on the train has been eating beans for two weeks. Not pretty.
James notes a possible solution to this dilemma is artificial gravity, which would help curb most (if not all) of these nasty effects of living amongst the heavens.
Although it is doubtful that a space ship could simulate gravity (as no one knows yet how to create gravitons), Orbital space stations and space elevator stations could enable our species to actually not only function in space, but on low gravity worlds.
Note: Those interested in joining next week’s Carnival of the Space Geeks can visit this page for details on how to enter.
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Video: NASA Wants Another Giant Leap
(Hat Tip: NASA Watch)
It looks like NASA’s marketing department is get slightly better at creating video’s in order to communicate its message. Instead of attempting to rationalize the nation on the reasons why we need to go back (whether it be because of potential resources, science, or an “insurance policy” against extinction) they simply sum it up in one word–exploration.
Note: For those interested in seeing a higher quality version of this video, click here. (requires Quick Time)
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India Seeks Military Free Space Exploration
It looks like India is reversing an earlier decision regarding weaponizing the heavens above us and is instead pursuing an exploration of the cosmos free from military influence.
(ZeeNews.com) Implying that Chinese anti-satellite missile tests had no influence on India’s space programme, President A P J Abdul Kalam has made it clear that New Delhi’s space ambitions had no military interest.
“Indian space programme has no military interest,” he said during a question-answer session at the International Space University here last night.
“It has been built to be locally relevant when globally challenging and its foundation is the quest of India and other space faring nations to use the collective wisdom of the humanity to solve the socio-economic problems of our society,” he said.
Although this is a noble stance, India may have to reverse course on this decision once the moon begins to buzz with human activity. Despite our best wishes, humanity has never been known to ever visit a land without military escorts (during or after) and the Moon will probably be no exception.
India is currently seeking to expand its influence as an upcoming space power, as evidenced by its first successful rocket launch not too long ago. If any nation were to lead the way towards peaceful exploration, India would be the one to do it as it has yet to commit the cosmic sin of shattering a satellite in ones atmosphere.
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Another Earth Spotted?
Note: Nothing to do with our own solar system, but it is interesting nonetheless.
It looks like scientists may have spotted the first planet outside of our solar system that is potentially habitable for life.
(Space.com) An Earth-like planet spotted outside our solar system is the first found that could support liquid water and harbor life, scientists announced today.
Liquid water is a key ingredient for life as we know it. The new found planet is located at the “Goldilocks” distance—not too close and not too far from its star to keep water on its surface from freezing or vaporizing away. [...]
The new planet is about 50 percent bigger than Earth and about five times more massive. The new “super-Earth” is called Gliese 581 C, after its star, Gliese 581, a diminutive red dwarf star located 20.5 light-years away that is about one-third as massive as the Sun.
This is the first terrestrial world discovered outside of our solar system that orbits within the habitable zone of a star. Although the planet orbits a short distance around its star (about 13 Earth days), life forms could easily survive on this world due to the dimness (or rather lack of heat) from the red dwarf sun.
Scientists are probably going to take a second look at this, and it will be interesting to see whether or not we will be able to locate features upon this world in the future.
Note: I’ve just alerted Paul over at Centauri Dreams, who should have an interesting analysis regarding this discovery.
Update (4/25): Paul has posted his analysis here with a video over here. Exciting stuff!
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Our First Baby Step (Yuri Gagarin)
Over 40 years ago, a Russian cosmonaut by the name of Yuri Gagarin stepped into a space ship and sailed across the heavens. It was a time of immense tension on our planet, with half the world not knowing whether or not our species would survive the presumed war that would end life as we know it.
Yet, despite the difference of opinions among our fellow selves, humanity was able to take its first baby step off our planet and glimpse our world in a new perspective.
Today marks the day that we, as a species, took our first baby step towards exploring the heavens that surround us, and ultimately establishing a home among the worlds that dance around our home star Sol.
Despite the times that we live in, our species is once again reaching out to the stars, once again imagining ourselves dwelling upon red, white and dark soils, and once again realizing our that potential is not limited to our Earthen cradle.
So as you celebrate with others or simply by yourselves, rejoice in the fact that you are alive in these days, being able to witness the first fruits of species colonizing our solar system, and ultimately the entire galaxy around us.
“Earth is the cradle of humanity, but one cannot remain in the cradle forever.” ~Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
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83 Colony Worlds Orbit Our Star?
(Hat Tip: Cosmic Variance)
Many space geeks (I included) seem to be excited about an image by KOKOGIAK displaying the 88 largest bodies in our solar system (of which 83 are “terrestrial” or have a surface we can actually land upon).
After searching online on these various worlds, many with an abundance of ice water upon them (a good sign), it became apparent that many of these worlds would not become favorable homes (for raising kids) due to either radiation, distance or lack of appeal.
Currently there seem to be four worlds that show some promise of becoming future homes which are:
- Mars (which has tolerable levels of radiation)
- Ganymede (which has a magnetic field)
- Callisto (which is not within Jupiter’s radiation belts)
- Titan (atmosphere plus Saturn’s magnetic field may protect it)
Unless artificial magnetic fields can be created upon other worlds, they may only attract corporate industries and scientists, but not the huge populations necessary in order to establish our species as a “space faring civilization.”
Hopefully I’ll get some more time to post about these four worlds, as they hold much promise for our race four or five generations from now.
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Finding Martian Minerals In All The Right Places
Despite captivating our attention, wonder and awe of being Earth like, Mars still lacks a financial incentive for even visiting the red planet.
Although there are plenty of reasons not to go to visit this crimson world, all of these can be overcome technologically or medically if Mars displays a valuable resource for humanity to exploit.
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter may change all of this as it circles the red globe analyzing the Martian surface.
(Astrobiology Magazine) “We’re finding that Mars has even more compositional diversity and complicated geology than had been revealed by instruments on other Mars orbiters,” says Dr. Scott Murchie, CRISM principal investigator from the Applied Physics Laboratory. “With CRISM’s help, this mission is going to rewrite our understanding of the planet.”
“CRISM’s high spatial resolution provides the means to not only identify a greater range of minerals on Mars but also to associate them with small scale geologic features,” says Dr. Sue Smrekar, deputy MRO project scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. “The result is a tremendous leap forward in interpreting the geologic processes and volatile environments that created different rocks throughout the history of Mars.”
While the satellite is providing valuable data regarding rock formation (as well as hints of ancient water ways) hopefully it can be used to find out whether there are precious metals (i.e. gold, silver or platinum), iron or titanium on the surface.
After all if we are going to eventually live on the red planet, then we are going to have to find a way to make a living while camping away from “Earthen influence.” If not, then Mars may at best be a boring tourism planet, where only geologists and scientists find great joy in exploring its surface.
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Germany To Provide Us With "Google Moon?"
Despite the fact that Germany has no serious plans on putting a man in space (let alone on the moon) they are seriously considering launching robots into the heavens by 2013 in an attempt to understand Earth’s closest neighbor.
(Earth Times) “We aim to launch a national moon mission,” DLR Director Walter Doellinger said, adding that there was no intention to launch a manned mission.
The aim is to put a probe into orbit around the moon for four years with the aim of charting the entire surface for the first time. The survey is to be three-dimensional and in colour.
“The probe will examine the moon’s surface and provide indications of significant geological formations that could later be of interest for drilling,” Doellinger said.
There is no word yet on whether or not Germany’s lunar survey will be publicly available, or released commercially although they will hopefully consider the former.
Germany plans on using the probe to examine minerals upon the lunar surface, locate ice water (if any exists) and investigate the moons mysterious magnetic field which may enable us to actually build habitats above ground.
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Should Families Be Trained For Space?
With all of the problems that could go wrong in space, nothing is more serious, more threatening towards human settlement in the cosmos than humans themselves.
Despite intense training physically and mentally, long term isolation may be more than most humans can bare, with irritation, boredom or the “need to breed” causing unnecessary conflict to arise. Usually frequent contact with ones family, alongside of random gifts are enough to keep a person in check mentally, but it may be unreasonable to expect someone to remain sane while separated from kin for years.
One way to resolve this issue would be to enlist families of future colonists to travel alongside their loved ones in order to not only reduce stress, but also help settle foreign worlds. Despite the fact that raising a families millions of miles away from Earth may sound risky (especially if parents have young children), the experience may serve to inform our race whether or not we will be able to call hostile worlds our own.
Some organizations seem to have envisioned colonists raising their families off world, most notably on the red planet. 4Frontiers, a company dedicated towards colonizing the Moon, Mars and eventually the asteroids themselves seems to have envisioned this concept which they frequently portray in their stories of kids growing up on the Martian landscape.
Raising a family off world may prove to be more difficult than on Earth, with the hazards of space, technology and supplies being major hurdles to overcome. But families seem to have a stronger group bond than strangers which may enable humanity to overcome many of the problems of isolation, enabling us to call distant worlds like Mars our own.
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Can Bigelow Aerospace Bring Us To The Stars?
Bigelow Aerospace, known for their unique approach towards orbital space stations may have concrete plans for establishing lunar colonies on a world all too familiar to the space industry.
(Cosmic Log) But by 2012, the focus could start shifting from low Earth orbit, or LEO, farther out into space. One of the key places in Bigelow’s plan is a point about 200,000 miles (323,000 kilometers) out from Earth in the moon’s direction, where the pulls of terrestrial and lunar gravity balance each other.Bigelow would turn that region of space, called L1, into a construction zone. Inflatable modules would be linked up with propulsion/power systems and support structures, and then the completed base would be lowered down to the moon’s surface, all in one piece.
Once the moon base has been set down, dirt would be piled on top, using a technique that Bigelow plans to start testing later this year at his Las Vegas headquarters. The moon dirt, more technically known as regolith, would serve to shield the base’s occupants from the harsh radiation hitting the lunar surface.
If Bigelow can successfully launch, assemble, transport and land their inflatable colonies on the Moon by 2010, this will be a significant achievement for not only the private space sector, but humanity as a whole.
Although some will simply brush this off as another lunar attempt, many people have to realize that previously it took an entire nation (backed by billions of dollars) in order to land someone on the moon over 50 years ago.
For a company this size to accomplish a similar goal (at a fraction of the cost) is not merely incredible, but unparalleled.
Note: If Bigelow is able to do this, would this put NASA’s Vision for Space Exploration out of business, along with make the International Space Station irrelevant?
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Is It Man Or Machine? Michael Laine Enlightens
(Hat Tip: LiftPort, Plus video below)
It seems no matter who you talk to within the space community you will generally find two arguments for going into space–one side is all about science revealing our place in the Universe (via robots) while the other is about populating the Universe (via humans) and charting our own destiny.
Michael Laine from LiftPort seems to have answered this question after being interviewed by Radio Open Source (listen to the audio over here)
Well, one of the things that is at the heart of the man verses robotics question is [...] Is it moon verses Mars? Is it man verses robotics?
It doesn’t have to be a one verses the other. [...] If you’ve got–and thats Elon’s goal, and thats my goal, thats everybody in the space communities goal–if you have cheap reliable safe access to space, it doesn’t have to be one or against the other.
[W]hat we’re looking to do is [...] get [a] better bang for your buck so you don’t have to choose.
Humanity owes a huge debt to our robots who have definitely increased our knowledge of the cosmos (not to mention locating valuable resources and notable hazards, all the while snapping beautiful photos).
However, if humanity simply uses robots to explore the universe then our space program will continue to lose interest among the youth which can easily result in its early demise. Adding humans to the mix may not only prove to be quite productive, but actually encourage the public to invest more (or at least justify the expense) into space.
After all, since when was the last time a robot convinced you of the value of exploring the final frontier?
(Video Hat Tip: NASA Watch)
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Camping Out On The Red Planet
It looks like the Mars Express has produced hiking or “camping” maps of the red planet, highlighting the various elevation paths of the Iani Chaos region.
(Red Orbit) Scientists using data from the HRSC experiment onboard ESA’s Mars Express spacecraft have produced the first ‘hiker’s maps’ of Mars. Giving detailed height contours and names of geological features in the Iani Chaos region, the maps could become a standard reference for future Martian research.
The maps are known as topographic maps because they use contour lines to show the heights of the landscape.
The contour lines are superimposed upon high-resolution images of Mars, taken by the High-Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) onboard Mars Express. On Earth, such maps are used by hikers and planning authorities.
Creating maps like these give Mars a more “Earthen feel” and perhaps make it more appealing as a future home rather than a distant world. (for more maps, click here)
Note: Maps like these remind me of those Crazy4Mars stories (via 4Frontiers) which center around several families living on the red planet.
Update: Added photo and link towards more maps.
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China Revisiting The Moon With A Rover?
With the Americans and Europeans exploring the Martian surface via Spirit and Opportunity, it looks like China has decided to do something similar on the moon.
(Earth Times) Thirteen domestic designers have vied to design for the moon rover to be used in China’s Chang’e I Moon Orbiting Project.
The remote-controlled moon rover shall be used to perform experiments and send data back to the earth following the moon orbiting project, said Ouyang Ziyuan, moon probe program chief scientist.
Ouyang didn’t disclose when China’s first circumlunar exploration satellite, Chang’e I, would be launched this year, he was quoted as saying Saturday by the Beijing Morning Post.
Placing a rover on the moon would not only improve China’s global reputation (after the ASAT test), but also enhance our understanding of our lunar neighbor. A moon rover could also help us re-examine the lunar environment, and hopefully map the area in greater detail.
China has already dedicated a significant portion of its resources towards conquering space, probably more than most nations on this planet.
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Establish First Contact (& Subscribe)
Love of Lunar
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Interplanetary Essays
